Wednesday, June 30, 2010
Buying a home in today's economy
Here are the generals:
Most loans are done by banks and mortgage brokerages and are backed by FNMA, FHA, VA, FHLMC, or USDA. The main difference in these is the down payment and credit score requirements. Any loan given by a bank or mortgage broker will require a minimum of 620 credit score. We will talk about alternatives to bank loans after these.
For no down payment (100% financing) VA and USDA are the options. VA is a veteran's loan and requires honorable military service. USDA is a loan for rural development and has income limits as well as location requirements.
FHA loans require 3.5% down payment. If you do not have the down payment saved you can try for down payment assistance programs which are common in the State, City, and County levels. FHA has a loan limit for each area - generally in the $300k range.
FHLMC and FNMA (Fannie Freddie) both require 5% down payment and generally 680 credit scores. No income or geography restrictions.
So for those that do not meet any of the above requirements there are alternatives as well. The most popular are direct loans (section 502) and not for profit entities such as NACA. Section 502 is also a USDA loan but this loan does not go through a bank or mortgage company. It comes direct from the government and also has the bonus of below market rates fixed for 33-38 years. This means the payment could be a couple hundred dollars less than a traditional loan for the same amount. There is no down payment required. It has income restrictions of 80% Area Median Income and the same geography requirements as the basic USDA guaranteed loans.
NACA is a not for profit entity that advocates home ownership through stringent education to buyers. They pride a less than 3% default rate in the process of about 60 days educational requirements to potential homeowners. It may be more tedious but it has not geography restrictions and a 95% approval rating.
For more detailed information please feel free to email us at info@campaign82.com and we will respond quickly with the best options in your area for your situation.
Tuesday, June 29, 2010
4th of July Dessert Ideas
Ingredients
nocoupons- 18 tablespoons (2 1/4 sticks) unsalted butter at room temperature
- 3 cups sugar
- 6 extra-large eggs at room temperature
- 1 cup sour cream at room temperature
- 1 1/2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
- 3 cups flour
- 1/3 cup cornstarch
- 1 teaspoon kosher salt
- 1 teaspoon baking soda
For the icing:
nocoupons- 1 pound (4 sticks) unsalted butter at room temperature
- 1 1/2 pounds cream cheese at room temperature
- 1 pound confectioners' sugar, sifted
- 1 1/2 teaspoons pure vanilla extract
To assemble:
nocoupons- 2 half-pints blueberries
- 3 half-pints raspberries
Directions
Butter and flour an 18 by 13 by 1 1/2-inch sheet pan.
Cream the butter and sugar in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment on high speed, until light and fluffy. On medium speed, add the eggs, 2 at a time, then add the sour cream and vanilla. Scrape down the sides and stir until smooth.
Sift together the flour, cornstarch, salt, and baking soda in a bowl. With the mixer on low speed, add the flour mixture to the butter mixture until just combined. Pour into the prepared pan. Smooth the top with a spatula. Bake in the center of the oven for 20 to 30 minutes, until a toothpick comes out clean. Cool to room temperature.
For the icing, combine the butter, cream cheese, sugar, and vanilla in the bowl of an electric mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, mixing just until smooth.
Spread three-fourths of the icing on the top of the cooled sheet cake. Outline the flag on the top of the cake with a toothpick. Fill the upper left corner with blueberries. Place 2 rows of raspberries across the top of the cake like a red stripe. Put the remaining icing in a pastry bag fitted with a star tip and pipe two rows of white stripes below the raspberries. Alternate rows of raspberries and icing until the flag is completed. Pipe stars on top of the blueberries.
I serve this cake right in the pan. If you want to turn it out onto a board before frosting, use parchment paper when you grease and flour the pan.
Thursday, June 17, 2010
Better in numbers
This confirms what we already suspected. As a group we can make things better for ourselves and the industry. I think it is so inspiring to see people ready to start their journey of home ownership. It may take 2 weeks and it may take 6 months but I assure you if you are ready to own a home we will be here to help. I personally greet each person to the site and read your situations. I look forward to your success stories and each week several of our clients are moving into their new homes.
Please take a minute to realize what brought you to this page. Buying a home is not something that is easy and 6 out of 10 buyers have been denied a home loan in recent months. You are not alone but you are also not going to give up. There ARE people who care and are here to help you get there.
Monday, June 14, 2010
What brings us here?
In this economy people need help!!!!!! Who are the agents and mortgage lenders and builders that are actually helping poeple get into homes. All I see out there is a "come back when you get approved" approach and its just not enough. In order to claim our title as Real Estate Agents we need to go that extra step and help the millions of people who want a home and are willing but need help being ABLE to buy. This is my reason for going to work every day. If you want to buy a home and need REAL help please let me know.
Amanda Dailey
amanda@campaign82.com
http://www.campaign82.org
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Eleven months
So one Sunday driving home from the gym I noticed an open house at the end of my street. It was a gorgeous bungalow priced at $60,000 and I had not one thought before that day of owning my own home. But there I was, ready to sign a contract.
The next day I applied with the employee loan division and started my process. By the end of the day I got the call... Denied! It seems I had two problems: 1) I did not have much credit 2) I had been issued two credit cards in college that I took straight to the travel agent and purchased a spring break trip for myself and a friend, and then NEVER paid the bill! Whoops.
So that day I started. I started being conscious of my credit because now I had a reason. It took me 6 months but I called the collectors and worked out an agreement on the credit cards. I also established two secured credit cards and paid every month on time. This became a fun challenge for me - the credit card companies noticed my timeliness and rewarded me with higher credit lines. 11 months later I was driving to Home Depot and saw an open house sign in a very small historic neighborhood just off downtown. From the outside I already could tell this was a house I probably could not afford but out of curiosity I walked in. This home was amazing! It was for sale by owner and she had decided to retire to AZ. She was a master gardener and the house was as beautiful outside as it was inside. The house was of course out of my price range...BUT! There was a guest house in the back that brought in $600/mo rent. I could barely sleep that night and in the morning called again to the employee loan division. That afternoon when I got the call it actually brought tears to my eyes. Approved!
When I look back now 11 months does not seem very long. I had spent more than four years before that blatantly disregarding my credit and in 11 months was able to accomplish one of my biggest lifetime achievements. That was one of the proudest moments of my life and I still drive by that house today. This is the reason I do what I do, you see, helping each other achieve our dreams is what its all about!
Wednesday, June 9, 2010
Why is Home Ownership the American Dream?
I think the mortgage crisis helps cause a lot of fear in the industry. But keep in mind the subprime loans were all in all BAD loans! They had interest rates that would eventually rise as high as 13%. Most of these loans had payments that were more than 50% of the borrowers gross monthly income when the max is suppose to be 29%. Do you know that over 70% of all mortgages still in existance today are in excess of 40% of the borrowers gross income - we are house poor! I will put this into real numbers for you:
Say your salary is $4,000/mo
Max amount of housing payment should be 29% of this income or $1160/mo
Average Net take home on $4000/mo is 70% or $2800/mo
This would leave $1640/mo for all other expenses including utilities, car payment, food, clothing, etc
During the housing boom mortgage companies were giving loans that started at a lower payment and then adjusted yearly. So the payment may have started at $1160/mo but then over the next two years could end up at 50% of your gross monthly income. Let's go back to that scenario:
Salary $4000/mo
50% Housing payment = $2000/mo
Take home = $2800/mo
This leaves a whopping $800/mo for EVERYTHING else!
I can see why these people were forced to walk away from their homes - I would gladly leave that payment behind if it meant I could not eat or provide transportation. When this became the norm housing prices began to fall and even more people walked away because the house they were trying to salvage was now worth less than the amount owed.
So let's talk about the loans we provide and encourage. NONE of the programs we place allow more than 40% housing payment and most do not allow more than 30%. This is a strong point because it is likely that a person could not find even a comparable rental for less than 30% of their gross income. Our programs also allow the loan to be modified to the buyer's needs. For example if the house I want is $140,000 that would equate to a payment of $1150 on a standard 30 year fixed loan in most areas. But if my gross income is $3000/mo and I only qualify for a $900 payment Section 502 will actually modify my loan to make the payment lower. They do this by lengthening the term from say 30 years to 33 years. They also start reducing the rate (always fixed) to sometimes as low as 2%. This will make that same $140,000 loan have a $900 payment vs a $1150 and I get the home I want and need for the price I can AFFORD.
All of this of course leads to the benefits of the community as a whole that we spoke of above. When people are allowed to own their own piece of the community they immediately start becoming more involved, more responsible, and more successful. This is the core of the American Dream.
Monday, June 7, 2010
Innovative real estate?
In speaking with their founder and CEO I was given a good lesson on his history. He had come from a technology background and was consulting large real estate firms on Internet marketing when he started as an agent in 2006. His numbers were quite impressive with nearly 14 million in sales that year and almost 60 million the next. He was a top agent and in late 2007 started his own brokerage. Then the story changed. "The economy did this and the economy did that" was pretty much the gist of the remainder of his history. From there he decided to close all the offices and go virtual. He created a software system to make his office virtual, complete with avatars and 3D movement, astounding! But how in the heck does that change anything??? Does your system change the economy because that seemed to be your problem in the first place according to your story.
I think there is a general consensus that most of us were at the top of our game in 2006-2007. What people fail to realize is that it is not the economy that hurts us, it is the economy that exposed our weaknesses. Maybe that weakness was depending on it always being a seller's market. Maybe the weakness was depending on the availability of credit to buyers. In either case there have been weaknesses and a little preparation and diversification will be the most innovative step anyone could take right now.
So here is my suggestion to those that want to become the most innovative agent/broker of your time. Do something that fixes a problem. Most successful entrepreneurs will tell that problems create opportunities. For instance, why don't you create a private social network for clients that want to invest in REO. You could advertise this member only network on free sites or within your blog and have a self run captive audience of buyers and sellers just waiting for you to tell them what to do. I personally created such a site 2 weeks ago and advertised it on craigslist. As of this morning I have 44 members and potential clients. I have never met any of them and better yet I paid less than $100 to build the site which took me 3 hours. Here's another one... Pay a consultant a portion of your commission to find alternative forms of financing for your buyers that cannot get approved. What most agents do not realize is that there are alternatives to banks and mortgage brokers. The reason you do not know about those alternatives is because banks and brokers are the only ones marketing themselves. Government direct loans and not for profit entities usually do not have a sales department attending breakfasts with real estate agents. You have to seek them!
In the end technology has most likely contributed to the most innovative changes to date in the real estate industry but if you are looking to be innovative start thinking like a real business and do something that brings prosperity by solving the money problem first.
Saturday, June 5, 2010
What is good business about helping those that cannot buy?
Now most people in the industry would see this as an insane gesture for business. There is very little guaranty that we can help a situation and even further guaranty that we can motivate others to take the steps that are needed to overcome the obstacles and buy a home. So why do we do what we do?
The answer is we have a fundamental belief that every individual with a desire to own a home should have the chance to do so. This belief is at the core of our business model... it is why we go to work in the morning and now the very reason Campaign 82 exists.
Just take a minute and imagine what compels a person to apply for home ownership. Most people in the U.S. have the desire to have a home of their own at some point in their lives. It is still the American dream and the first rung on the economic ladder for future security and stability. It brings ownership to a community and therefor true "community" exists. Multiple studies show that children brought up in owned homes versus rented homes have higher achievement levels in education, lower behavioral problems, and a more positive development process due to stability. Home ownership helps strengthen neighborhoods and community and so we cannot just keep reading about the people who want to buy a home but cannot. Is the problem with the housing market that we do not have enough buyers or that we do not have enough answers for the ones who want to buy? I would argue it is the latter and that is why I spend my days researching alternatives and programs for those who are willing but not able.
When we talk about reinventing real estate and an industry as a whole I have one suggestion and that is to think about why you do what you do. As real estate agents we spend entirely too much time thinking about what and how but never why.
Which agent would you choose:
Agent A "Hello my name is Amanda and I am a real estate agent. I sell homes and negotiate contracts. This year I have closed over 5 million in home purchases. I give great customer service and have 12 references. Can I be your agent?"
Agent B "Hello my name is Amanda and I want to hand you the keys to your first home. Everyday I try to make my community a better place by encouraging homeownership. Every person has the right to the American Dream and I am proud to say it is why I get up in the mornings. I also happen to be a real estate agent, could I be yours?"
So when you go out today and speak to potential and current clients keep in mind the why's and I would dare to say that they will trust your passion before they trust your resume, they will follow your motivation before they follow your CMA, and they will follow their dreams because you folow yours.
Amanda Dailey
Campaign 82
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
Join our member group on facebook!
http://www.campaign82.com/real-estate-agents.html
Sunday, May 16, 2010
Saturday, May 15, 2010
$14,990 DPA grant until September
Thursday, May 13, 2010
Awesome new mortgage program!
Here are the general requirements: The first step is to attend a workshop. During the workshop you will learn steps to become a homeowner. This workshop will also give you an overview of the homebuying process and focus on you becoming qualified. Once you are qualified, you are essentially approved for a mortgage, since the majority of applications submitted to participating lenders are approved.
After your approved you will need to attend a purchase workshop. These workshops are required and take place 4 times a month. You will learn about the homebuying process and what to focus on.
These are simple requirements to meet. Get approved today~!!!
Visit Campaign 82 Real Estate for more information..
www.campaign82realestate.com
Wednesday, May 12, 2010
Saturday, May 8, 2010
Hello May! Hello $15,000 Tulsa Down Payment Assitance Grant
Tulsa, OK
1. CARD is offering a $15,000 dollar down payment assistance grant! Must close by September!
2. Oklahoma State Bond 3.5% Down Payment Assistance Income limitations 1-2 person family $64,151 and 3 or more $73,151. Purchase limit $258, 690, first time home buyer rules apply!
3. USDA Guaranteed and Direct (Rural Dev.)
ONLY OFFERED BY QUALIFIED LENDERS! THIS MEANS 100% FINANCING..
This is only Tulsa and only 3 of the MANY programs that can aid in getting you into the home of your dreams!!
Call Campaign 82 918-899-9299
www.campaign82.com
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Making Home Affordable
Friday, March 26, 2010
MORE EFFORT TO AID HOMEOWNERS
This program is also meant to reduce the payments of borrowers who are unemployed temporarily. Also they will encourage lenders to note the value of loans held by borrowers in modification programs to make their mortgages more affordable.
The government is under much pressure from Congress to resolve the foreclosure crisis, which is effecting our economy and also putting millions of American at fist for losing their homes.
No Taxpayer money will be used for these programs. They will be supported by funds from the Troubled Asset Relief Program which is a $50 billion dollar fund. This program is set to help up to 3-4million homeowners over the next few years.
www.campaign82realestate.com
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Tulsa County Down Payment Assitance Bond
Builder paid closing costs!!
- 620 credit score desired (but certain instances are considered)
- .50% down payment ($150,000 home=$750 dollars down
- Income
1-2 person family=$62,000 max
3 or more =$73,000 max
This money will not last!!! Get qualified today!!!
http://www.campaign82realestate.com/register.html
contact me directly
Amanda
918-899-9299
Sunday, March 21, 2010
$8,000 + $40,000= $48,000!!!!

The tax credit is due to expire April 30th there is no time to waste! Find out if you qualify for this amazing once in a life time offer. Along with this credit Campaign 82 is proud to announce the offer of up to $40,000 dollars in down payment assistance. The combination of this once-in-a-lifetime offer.
This down payment assitance program was designed to help low to median income families find the home of their dreams. These homes are BRAND NEW and are available in Safford, AZ Willcox, AZ and McAlester, OK. These brand new homes are located within within city limits and are customizable.
Get started today with the free simple steps to getting approved.
www.campaign82realestate.com
Call Amanda and get started today! 918-899-9299
Thursday, March 18, 2010
40down.com Affordable Housing Initiative (brought to you by First Home Partners)
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
No more USDA Guaranteed?
The USDA Direct Mortgage Loan Program is a federal program offered through the United States Department of Agriculture. Rural Housing through the USDA program provides a number of homeownership opportunities to rural Americans, as well as programs for home renovation and repair. This is an excellent product and benefit for those individuals that qualify. Rural Housing also offers 100% financing opportunities for those who qualify.
Rural Housing loans are now easier to qualify and are a financially secure option for home financing regardless of your situation.
There are several advantages to using USDA ’s Home Loan Program.
- 100% Financing
- No Monthly Mortgage Insurance(MI)
- Low Mortgage Interest Rates
- Low Closing Costs
- Zero Down Payment.
- Easy Credit Qualifying
- Never a Pre-payment Penalty
Thursday, March 11, 2010
To those who were planning on using USDA guaranteed...
SFH Origination News
From the National Office in Washington DC
| ||
March 10, 2010
Notice of Funding
This message is to notify you that program funding for the Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Program will likely be exhausted by the end of April, 2010.
Once funding is exhausted, the Agency will not issue Conditional Commitments “subject to receipt of appropriated funds.” This is because it is not certain when additional funding will be available.
Limited funding may become available for disaster areas declared in 2008, or in disaster areas declared for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Limited funding may also become available as prior Agency commitments are de-obligated, however, such funding will be very limited.
We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you. Should you have any questions, you may contact the Single Family Housing Guaranteed Loan Division at (202)720-1452.
To unsubscribe from this list, please do the following:
Go to http://www.rdlist.sc.egov.
To Subscribe to this list or other available lists or unsubscribe an old email address and subscribe a new email address, go to http://www.rdlist.sc.egov.
Tuesday, March 9, 2010
Campaign 82 Real Estate Announces Expansion
Tuesday, March 2, 2010
All the talk about change
Why are Realtors still acting like we are in a seller's market? Agents need to shift their understanding that we are most definitely in a buyer's market. If they would truly shift to that understanding they would see that the sellers are actually increasing the commissions they are willing to pay an agent bringing a willing and able buyer. Based on pure supply and demand this will always be the case.
Thursday, February 25, 2010
What happens when the tax credit goes away?
Above the $8000 credit (which I will say is a huge incentive), home ownership has tax benefits above and beyond any other benefit most of us can claim. Mortgage interest deductions in TX alone usually make the difference of a tax payer owing at the year end or getting a check back. So let's not forget that home ownership is still the American dream. It is a dream that is still very attainable with tax credits as well as subsidy incentives. If you are having trouble getting the home you deserve because credit standards are too strict Campaign 82 has a VERY effective credit program that is a third party service with over 15 years experience. If you are serious about buying a home please talk to us about your options as we differ from the rest. I do not care if your credit is too low now, if you are serious we will work together and get you where you need to be. Credit denial happened to me on my first home and no one was there to tell me what to do. In the end it took a lot of time and effort on my part but buying a home was the proudest moment of my life. I want to help, that is my promise.
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Campaign 82 Real Estate's Subsidized Housing
Finding value in today's market
Let's suppose you purchase a home from a builder today and offer something like $5,000 off sale price. Great, what a deal! But think about this... What happens when your neighbor gets $5,000 off your price? The $5k you just pocketed just cost you $10k. Builders who cut prices do not add stability! Buyer beware.
Also pay attention to the neighborhood. Is it in a community that financing is easily obtained? You do not want to be somewhere that is difficult to finance or you soon will be surrounded by renters.
How is the builders stability? Do they have cash or tons of inventory they cannot move? Most larger builders are publicly traded and this information is public. For instance DR Horton was very cash heavy end of Dec 09 when they announced over $2 Billion in the bank!
Monday, February 22, 2010
Campaign 82 offers credit assistance for those who need it!
We are able to offer one of two programs depending on the clients budget:
1. For $49/mo and available to cancel at any time, Campaign 82 will issue the borrower their credit report and a blue print on how to self correct and update to the three bureaus to best improve their score. This process typically takes about 3-6 months depending on the level of credit repair.
2. For $495 flat fee ($250 down and $245 due in 30 days) buyers are offered a fast track repair done by a third party team of credit consultants. This company has been in the business of credit repair for 15 years and will blow you away with how capable of moving your score in the right direction in a matter of 60 days. For those that have good credit lines and just need an improved score to purchase a home quickly this is the way to go.
For more information on the credit programs please register or email us. We are always available by phone as well (214) 599-0063 direct, (918) 899-9299 cell.
Thursday, February 18, 2010
The numbers game
But what do we do with the other 90-95%? That was the topic of conversation in our living room last night.
Every day we are turning away 6-7 potential clients because they don't fit the mold. Whether it is a credit glitch, income issue, divorce, bankruptcy, foreclosure, etc the underlying point is that every one of these people would like to own a home. So why not help them? Today starts a new division of Campaign 82 where we help people correct their situation and eventually get into the home they deserve. I have spent a lifetime reviewing credit and know the ropes for sure. After all, I was denied my first home purchase because my own credit at 23 years old was terrible! Because I was in the business I spent the next 10 months cleaning it up so that I could purchase my 1st home at 24 years old via FHA financing. I was soooo proud! What about those that do not know how, don't know where to start? That is my commitment.
Monday, February 15, 2010
Friday, February 12, 2010
Olympics opening ceremony...
Thursday, February 11, 2010
The fear of the http://www.blogger.com/img/blank.gifunknown: Down Payment Assistance
After two years in the business I was comfortable enough to speak to large groups of realtors at their weekly sales meetings. After four years I was winning awards for production. Finally after seven years I thought I knew it all. I was producing close to $100 MM per year in mortagage loans and considered by my Realtors an expert in real estate.
I went on to be a builder/developer and now am on the Realtor side of things. I have officially been in real estate my entire life, born into a family that owned Title/Escrow companies their entire life. So why is it that when the market changed and buyers became scarce, I had NO IDEA how to sell down payment assistance programs??
I had heard of them, sure, but nobody really ever needed them. There were plenty of 100% financing programs available as long as you were willing to pay a higher rate. They always seemed confusing and involved way too much effort. So I found myself a little embarrassed to learn that these assistance programs are quite simple and very abundant in the market place. They also happen to be one of the ONLY ways to help buyers that struggle to obtain financing for 100% of the price of the home. Here is a run down of what is out there:
USDA Rural Development Loans
These loans are based on geography. When I hear of USDA I think of meat! What we forget is that this is the Department of Agriculture and they are focused on Rural area development. This program is as simple as an FHA with no down payment requirements. It is typically available in areas outlying major cities and are popular in many suburbs that are more favorable than the City center. Many builders have figured this out started building specifically in these areas which means opportunity for more development otherwise.
Housing Authority Down Payment Assistance
Many local and State agencies allocate a certain amount of funds each year for homebuyer assistance. Typical FHA loans require 3.5% down payment and this assistance is popular coupled with FHA loans. The authority typically offers 4% assitance so the total financed is 100.5% (the remainder can be used for buyer closing costs). These programs typically require attending a 2 hour homebuyer class and have income maximums of around 115% AMI.
FHLB Subsidies
These programs are specifically aimed at providing affordable housing options for those considered very low income to moderately low income. This can be also in the form of USDA direct loans but are more commonly offered by developers of large housing projects. The developers apply for grants by the government to allow them to credit a certain amount of subsidy to the home buyer. Typically this susidy is 5% but we currently have a project that is offering buyers up to $40,000 in down payment assistance. These are typically forgiven over time (usually 5-7 years) and have no monthly payment obligation. Income restrictions are tight on these but what a great way for someone to purchase a $100,000 home for $60,000!
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
Campaign 82 giving back to community.
Not exactly a home run marketing plan.
So I emailed the pastor and said, "Thanks. For every home we close we will donate an amount to your church." BINGO!
So this is our platform. There are some work arounds as most States' Real Estate Commissions are very careful about what may seem like a kickback but in the end, the client gets the credit, the community charity or church gets the donation, and we got a marketing strategy!
This just goes to show that it is possible to "Do well" and "Do good" at the same time...
Tuesday, February 9, 2010
Campaign 82 Focuses on new E-zine
Monday, February 8, 2010
58 homes offered in AZ with up to $40,000 forgivable assistance
50 New Affordable Homes being built in Mcalester, OK
Saturday, February 6, 2010
Campaign82 Real Estate launches Oklahoma, Texas and Arizona!
Campaign 82 is different from most real estate companies because we have an extensive background in finance. One of our founding members was a mortgage underwriter for one of the largest mortgage companies in the country and has the ability to determine eligibility for programs much more difficult to understand than the standard FHA and conventional models.
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Valentines Day Ideas
Monday, January 11, 2010
Saturday, January 9, 2010
Friday, January 8, 2010
Indian Loans
Mortgages to Native Americans plummet
Efforts to loan on reservations are stagnant
By Mark Fogarty, Today correspondent
Story Published: Jan 7, 2010
Story Updated: Jan 7, 2010
As recently as a dozen years ago, lenders did not make mortgages on American Indian reservations.
The General Accountability Office, an arm of Congress, could find just 91 mortgages made on Native homelands during a five-year period in the 1990s.
A determined effort to end the effective redlining of Native homelands began in the second half of the 1990s, with many promises made and some actual progress achieved. However, much of that progress seems to have evaporated in the implosion of the mortgage market and the ensuing credit crunch of the past several years.
Mortgage lending to Native people both on- and off-reservation has shriveled in recent years, and the market for mortgages on U.S. reservations, an area comparable in size to the state of Utah, remains at an average of about one per tribe per year.
Totals (on- and off-reservation) drop 67 percent
Since the market high in 2005, mortgages to Native people, probably the most underserved population in the country, have fallen by more than two-thirds, according to 2008 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data, which measures loans both on- and off-reservation (and doesn’t break out the two categories).
Last year, just $17.5 billion in mortgages was extended to Native people (American Indians, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders), down from $53.7 billion in 2005. American Indians and Alaska Natives in particular were hurt the most. At $8.6 billion, their volume was eclipsed by $8.9 billion in mortgages to Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (mainly Natives of Guam and American Samoa), a much smaller cohort.
Why this enormous drop, much larger than the general market falloff and larger than the drops for other minority populations? The cratering of the subprime mortgage market has something to do with it, as Native people were targeted (for good and bad) by subprime firms that have since vanished. But subprime lenders also targeted other minority populations, whose volumes, while hurt, didn’t fall off as far.
Mortgages on reservations hard to do
Numbers of mortgages on Indian reservations are hard to come by. Indian Country Today can quantify only 258 for fiscal 2009, though the total must be somewhat higher.
Mortgage lending on Native homelands is a hard thing to do. But it can be done, and at one point there was a lot of lender interest in solving the problem.
Beginning in the 1990s, a lot of energy came together to extend mortgages to American Indians on their reservations, through people, nonprofits and lenders who acted with passion and purpose to try to improve some of the worst housing conditions in this country.
Issues of poverty and culture, racism, an almost total lack of financial and real estate infrastructure (no realtors, home builders, closing attorneys, title insurers, bank offices and all the other infrastructure of mortgage lending) and a knotty legal problem over how to mortgage land that technically belongs to the federal government, had combined to completely stifle home finance in tribal areas. How much land is it? Homelands range in size from a few acres to 27,000 square miles, and if cobbled together would be larger than the state of Utah.
During one five-year stretch (1992 – 1996), the GAO could find only 91 private mortgages extended on the 300 or so reservations in this country, home to more than half a million people belonging to more than 550 tribes. And those were made to members of just two tribes, the Tulalip and Wisconsin Oneida, which had relationships with local banks. Knowingly or not, lenders had drawn a bright red no-lending line around this enormous area.
By 1999, lenders had improved on that to close a total of 471 mortgages in Indian areas, but that was still an average of less than one per tribe, according to a task force reporting on the issue to former President Bill Clinton. Ten years later, the situation remains roughly equal.
A home being constructed on the Flathead Reservation in Montana shows a fairly typical building plan. |
Test case: Navajo Nation
The Navajo Nation, the biggest reservation in the United States, which is the size of West Virginia and sprawls across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah, became a testing ground for lender initiatives in the 1990s, with both successes and failures to show for it.
Mortgage summits held at the Aneth Chapter House in the Utah section of the Navajo reservation in June 1994 and Montezuma Creek, Utah in September 1995 laid the foundation for an arduous effort that took three years to close a loan despite the eagerness of an impressive array of nonprofit organizations, private lenders, tribal entities and government agencies to make it happen.
And it took a full five years before the first private mortgage (as opposed to government) closed in the fall of 1999. But meantime, a scrappy locally-based nonprofit had rolled up its sleeves and began an effort that has resulted ultimately in hundreds of loans.
Following the first summit, the Navajo Nation and Fannie Mae entered into a two-year negotiation to allow the development of a secondary market for mortgages on the reservation. (In a secondary market transaction, an agency like Fannie Mae buys a loan from the original lender, in effect giving the lender enough money to make another loan.)
There was a lot of ground to cover. First was the status of the land to be mortgaged. The federal government technically holds the land “in trust” for either tribes or individual Indians, who were allotted land in the 19th century by the Dawes Act. By law, the land cannot be mortgaged without the approval of the government, through the BIA, whose traditional slowness in completing TSRs (Trust Status Reports) has been one of the many barriers to Indian mortgage lending.
In recent decades, the federal government has tried to remedy this restriction, which in essence denied Indians access to credit available to potential homeowners everywhere else in the country. In the early 1980s, it introduced the Federal Housing Administration Section 248 mortgage, which guaranteed lender outlays to Indians living on reservations. But the program closed only a handful of loans (18 in FY 1987, and 11 in 1989) and so Congress tried again in 1992, including the Department of Housing and Urban Development Section 184 Indian loan in the Housing and Community Development Act of that year.
Need is great
A $180,000 loan was part of the financing for this multi-family project at the San Juan pueblo in New Mexico.
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The need for more housing in Indian country is undisputed. The National American Indian Housing Council, has estimated current need at more than 200,000 units. On the Navajo, at the time of the summits, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (which sponsored them, Utah being in its jurisdiction) estimated that 20,000 Navajo families were in need of homes. Nearly one-third of its existing homes needed major rehab work, and more than half lacked running water, electricity or telephones.
Besides the trust status of Navajo land, there was a difference of cultures. Each of the players in the deal had differing things that were of paramount importance to them: Sovereignty for the Navajo and retention of their land base, and being able to perfect a security interest to be able to foreclose, if necessary, on Fannie Mae’s part.
Eventually, Fannie Mae and the Navajo came to a deal where the Navajo would be allowed to assume the mortgage if a tribal member defaulted. This way, the tribe would not lose any more of its land base. And, in a victory for Navajo sovereignty, the tribe did not grant a limited waiver of sovereign immunity. But it did issue a judicial ruling that Fannie Mae could perfect a security interest on Navajo trust land, which gave the agency the ability to foreclose on homes through the tribal courts, if necessary.
The Fannie Mae/Navajo agreement was announced at the U.S. Capitol in June, 1996, but it was to take another three years before a conventional loan would close.
In the meantime, the HUD 184 mortgage, which guaranteed all lender outlays, was implemented in 1995 and quickly outstripped the impotent FHA 248 loan. The HUD 184 was designed to act like a “conventional” (private) loan. Initially, it gained acceptance in the non-reservation “Indian areas” where there is little or no trust land – Alaska and Oklahoma. Here, much of the property in Indian areas has “fee simple” status, the same as anywhere else in the country, making it much easier to mortgage.
But eventually, the HUD 184 began to be used on trust land as well, and early in 1999, the program passed 500 mortgages. By the middle of 2000, the HUD 184 had closed 835 mortgages, for a total of $82 million, including about 300 on trust land. Since then, volume has grown more than tenfold.
A second key government program has proved to be successful – the Department of Agriculture’s Rural Housing Service Section 502 (homeownership) and 504 (rehab) loans; 148 of these were made in Indian country during 1999. Many of the loans closed on the Navajo have come through this program, which can either make a direct outlay of money, or guarantee a lender’s outlay.
NAHASDA changes the rules
One of the most significant bills ever passed in Congress affecting Indians was voted in on the last legislative day of 1996. The Native American Housing Assistance and Self Determination Act, championed by Rep. Rick Lazio, R-N.Y., was designed to do something radical in Indian housing finance, just at the same time HUD 184 was gathering steam and the move to conventional lending was getting off the ground.
What NAHASDA did (partly in response to findings of a 1991 Congressional task force on Native housing issues), in one breathtaking swoop, was to end the role of HUD as the paternal father of Indian tribes, doling out assistance money to Indian Housing Authorities through programs like Mutual Help, authorized by the 1937 Housing Act.
Instead, assistance would now come in a block grant that tribes or their designated housing entities could use as they wanted. NAHASDA was an acknowledgment of tribal sovereignty (the “self-determination” part), and an encouragement to leverage those dollars through partnering with private companies, like mortgage lenders.
Along with this shove out into the real world of finance, Uncle Sam also increased tribal housing assistance significantly in the aggregate, going from $485 million in 1997 to more than $600 million this year (with a dip during the Bush administration).
Banks and lenders, usually as part of rural or affordable housing or Community Reinvestment Act outreaches, started to become interested in Indian country lending. Bank One, (now part of Chase), Norwest Mortgage (now Wells Fargo Home Mortgage), and Bank of America, Washington Mutual Bank (now part of Chase), and Countrywide Home Loans (now part of Bank of America) announced their willingness to participate. PMI Mortgage Insurance Co. also got involved, first through some programs in Oklahoma and later with a commitment to insure $100 million in Indian mortgages.
Key to the success of the ventures though were nonprofit intermediaries that could bridge the cultural gaps between tribes and lenders. These have included the Enterprise Foundation, Neighborhood Housing Services, and Neighborhood Reinvestment Corp.
NRC played a key role on the Navajo, which found itself bogged down both with Fannie Mae on the conventional side and with HUD on the government side. NRC helped found the Navajo Partnership for Housing, now based in Gallup, N.M., which began an aggressive movement to qualify Navajos for home ownership, and then to find loans for them.
NPH had gotten the wheels in motion, and had even closed its first couple of loans (the first, a rehab loan, went to Sandra Yazzie of Window Rock, Ariz. in early 1998), when President Clinton gave it some nationwide publicity in 1998 by announcing a “One Stop” Mortgage Center concept for Indian trust lands, naming NPH one of two such centers.
Total financings to 28 NPH borrowers as of June 2000 passed the $2 million mark, and as of 2006 the nonprofit was approaching 250 financings for $18 million.
The first conventional closing
Finally, in 1999, five years after the first summit and three years after the Fannie Mae agreement, Ron and Karen Maldonado closed the first-ever conventional mortgage on the Navajo on their home in the Goat Springs region of Fort Defiance, Ariz. Fannie Mae bought the mortgage, which was extended by Suburban Mortgage of Albuquerque.
The report on Clinton’s “One Stop” program gave a breakout on “Indian area” lending in fiscal 1999 (this is basically trust land plus the private property or “fee-simple” land in Oklahoma and Alaska). It found 165 HUD 184s, 11 FHA 248s, 40 RHS 502 direct loans, 108 RHS section 504 rehab loans, 31 loans through the Department of Veterans Affairs, 16 conventional loans through Fannie Mae, and 100 through mortgage agency Freddie Mac on fee-simple land in Oklahoma, for a total of 471.
Some of the players involved stood up in church and pledged large amounts to develop Indian mortgage lending. Fannie Mae, for instance, committed to financing $350 million in Indian country mortgages nationwide in this decade as part of a $2 trillion affordable housing effort. The Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle, quickly followed with a commitment to buy $100 million in NAHASDA Title VI loans nationwide (the Title VI program, however, has been far less active than the HUD 184, with just 14 loans closing in a recent two year period). PMI made its own $100 million commitment.
These heady initiatives, combined with the real estate and mortgage bubble of the middle of this decade, pushed mortgage lending to Native people (both on and off reservation, the HMDA numbers do not differentiate) to more than $53 billion in 2005.
Subprime targets Indians
But a new and less beneficial influence began to be felt in Indian country: Subprime lenders who targeted Indians as part of their outreach to underserved markets that could be charged more for riskier loans.
A study by the National Community Reinvestment Coalition, for instance, found that in 2000, Indians were twice as likely (26.5 percent) to get subprime or manufactured housing loans as the national average. And in some states, like New Mexico (78.8 percent) and South Dakota (39.1 percent), the percentages were far higher.
Subprime lenders and finance companies began to turn up in the top ranks of lenders to Natives in the HMDA rankings. In 2004, for instance, subprime lenders Argent and Ameriquest Mortgage, New Century Financial, and MortgageIT appeared in the top 10 ranking. Lehman Brothers Bank, later called Aurora Bank, an alt A/nonconforming lender, was in the top 10 as well, and a substantial amount of Wells’ Native originations came through its finance unit, Wells Fargo Funding. Countrywide Home Loans, consistently the top lender to Natives throughout this decade, made an ill-advised push into subprime lending.
Beginning in 2007, firms like Argent/Ameriquest, New Century and MortgageIT began to go bust in huge numbers. And loans to Natives began to fall: $51.6 billion in 2006, $31.6 billion in 2007, $17.5 billion in 2008.
Success stories
First Mortgage of Oklahoma City remains aggressively involved in lending to Oklahoma tribes (though it has discontinued efforts outside its home state).The HUD 184 program for Natives had closed more than 8,000 mortgages as of this summer (though 80 percent of them are for Native people living off-reservation). Wells remains a top lender to Native people, with $1 billion loaned to Indians and Alaska Natives and another $1 billion loaned to Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders last year, and Chase posted similar numbers. Tribes and nonprofits like the New Mexico Mortgage Finance Authority remain committed to assembling financing from multiple sources, including the Federal Home Loan Banks, to cobble together Indian housing initiatives.
But the groundswell of lenders that started to bring mortgage finance to Native homelands a dozen years ago obviously is in broad retreat in the current credit crunch.
The HUD 184 remains the most successful Indian country mortgage program. In fiscal 2009 through August (the government’s fiscal year ended Sept. 30), 197 mortgages had been closed on tribal trust land, and 61 on land allotted to individual Indians, for a total of $36.4 million.
Program totals through August show 1,869 loans made on trust land, about 15 percent of all HUD 184s, for total financing of $192.4 million.
Requests to Fannie Mae and USDA for their 2009 Indian mortgage numbers were unanswered as this analysis went to press.
As a new decade begins, it will be interesting to see how many Indian country mortgages GAO will be able to tally the next time they do a five-year survey.